Figure 1

 

Fig. 1: This figure compares the masses of the regularly rotating planets in our solar system, with their axial rotation speeds.  For obvious reasons, the two of the negatively rotating planets (Venus, and the dwarf planet Pluto) and the highly unusual, Mercury were not included in this comparison.  It clearly shows a linear relationship:  the larger the body, the faster the axial rotation.  This shows the fundamental and independent nature of axial rotation of celestial bodies, here represented by these planets.  If, on the other hand, this tendency to rotate were derived from the solar nebula at its inception, one would expect all bodies to retain the same rotation rates or, the larger bodies to rotate slower and the smaller ones faster.  Only an autonomous, inherent tendency of matter to spin on its axis can explain the above phenomenon where larger bodies rotate faster and smaller ones rotate slower, much like the degree of gravity of celestial bodies, which also increases with the mass of the body.   In our paper (1), we have offered our explanation why Uranus, which rotates negatively, is not slowed down; therefore, it was included in this figure, and it does conform to our expectations.  This topic is revisited later in Discussion, at the appropriate section.  Also, we touch upon the motion characteristics of stars and galaxies, also later in this Materials section and discussed further in Discussion.